8052-41-3

Description

Stoddard solvent is a refined petroleumdistillate derived fromthe naphtha and kerosene carbon ranges (C7–C12) in crude oil. It is a type of ‘white spirit,’ characterized as a clear solvent absent of objectionable odors (hydrodesulfurized to remove hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans). Stoddard solvent typically contains paraffinic alkanes (saturated branched and linear), cycloalkanes (also known as cycloparaffins), and aromatic hydrocarbons. Paraffins (30–50%) and cycloparaffins (30–40%) tend to predominate, with a remaining 10–20%comprised of aromatics. The exact composition of Stoddard solvent can vary due to variations in crude oils and the refining processes. The boiling range of Stoddard solvent is approximately 148.8–204.4 °C.

Chemical Properties

colourless liquid with a kerosene-like odour (odour threshold typically

Uses

Dry cleaning, spot and stain removal.

General Description

A clear colorless mixture with a strong odor. Insoluble in water and about the same density as water. Flash point over 100°F. Avoid exposure. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.

Air & Water Reactions

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

NAPHTHA: NEO-CLEAR(R) XYLENE SUBSTITUTE is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers .

Hazard

Fire risk. Toxic by ingestion. Eye, skin and kidney damage; nausea; central nervous system impairment.

Health Hazard

High concentration of vapors may cause intoxication. If liquid is swallowed, it may get into lungs by aspiration; not very irritating to skin or eyes.

Flammability and Explosibility

Flammable

Safety Profile

Mildly toxic by inhalation. A human eye irritant. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, sparks, or flame. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid fumes and may explode; can react with oxidzing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. See also n-NONANE.

Potential Exposure

Stoddard solvent is used as a diluent in paints, coatings, and waxes; as a paint thinner; as a drycleaning agent; as a degreaser for metal parts; as a herbicide

Carcinogenicity

Stodddard solvent was not genotoxic in a variety of assays including Salmonella typhimurium, a mouse lymphoma mutation assay, rodent bone marrow cytogenic tests, and rodent dominant lethal tests.

Environmental Fate

The hydrocarbons in Stoddard solvent vary in volatility and water solubility. Spills of Stoddard solvent would be expected to partition to soil, groundwater, and air. Smaller alkanes and aromatics will likely volatilize to the air where photooxidation can occur. Biodegradation in soil and/or water may be more likely for the larger aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, although Stoddard solvent is unlikely to be readily biodegradable. Although the larger hydrocarbons in Stoddard solvent are expected to have slower elimination from biological tissues than the smaller constituents, Stoddard solvent overall would not be expected to bioaccumulate.

Shipping

UN1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, Technical Name Required. UN1268 Petroleum distillates, n.o.s. or Petroleum products, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Toxicity evaluation

Stoddard solvent, as with a number of petroleum hydrocarbons, can produce kidney effects in male rats due to accumulation of a-2m-globulin. Effects observed microscopically include hyaline droplet accumulation, granular casts within medullary tubules, corticotubular basophilia, and degeneration with regeneration of tubular epithelium. These lesions, characterized as hyaline droplet nephropathy, are attributed to accumulation of a-2m-globulin, a carrier protein produced in substantial quantities in male rat livers but in negligible amounts in female rats and humans. The a-2m-globulin protein, which transports endogenous pheromones into the kidneys of male rats, also has an affinity for petroleum hydrocarbon. This mechanism is specific to male rats and is considered irrelevant to human health risk assessment. The lipophilic nature of Stoddard solvent can cause defatting of the skin. Longer or repeated exposure can increase the severity of the effects. High exposures can produce neurological symptoms such as dizziness and lack of coordination. The specific mechanism of toxicity for this is unknown but could be similar to other short- to medium-length hydrocarbons that also produce neurotoxicity at high exposures. The low viscosity of Stoddard solvent poses a risk of aspiration into the lungs if it is ingested, which can induce pneumonia that may be fatal.

Incompatibilities

May form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

EXPOSURE ROUTES

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

FIRST AID

(See procedures) Eye:Irrigate immediately Skin:Soap wash promptly Breathing:Respiratory support Swallow:Medical attention immediately